Simulation of temperature characteristics of laser additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy plate

YU Tianxi; LI Long; JIANG Yongxia; CHENG Yulu; ZHANG Chunling

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Simulation of temperature characteristics of laser additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy plate

Optical Processing and Manufacturing | 更新时间：2025-10-09

- Simulation of temperature characteristics of laser additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy plate
- OPTICAL TECHNIQUE Vol. 51, Issue 4, Pages: 415-423(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安建筑科技大学理学院，陕西西安 710055
  2.西安建筑科技大学应用物理研究所，陕西西安 710055
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TN249
- Received：17 February 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-04-02，
  
  Published：20 July 2025
- 稿件说明：
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余天锡,李隆,姜永霞等.铝合金板激光增材制造温度特性模拟仿真[J].光学技术,2025,51(04):415-423.

YU Tianxi,LI Long,JIANG Yongxia,et al.Simulation of temperature characteristics of laser additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy plate[J].OPTICAL TECHNIQUE,2025,51(04):415-423.
余天锡,李隆,姜永霞等.铝合金板激光增材制造温度特性模拟仿真[J].光学技术,2025,51(04):415-423. DOI：

YU Tianxi,LI Long,JIANG Yongxia,et al.Simulation of temperature characteristics of laser additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy plate[J].OPTICAL TECHNIQUE,2025,51(04):415-423. DOI：

摘要

为了探究铝合金板表面激光增材制造过程中的熔池形貌以及温度场的分布，建立了流体传热的三维有限元模型。考虑材料在加工过程中热物理性质以及激光的吸收率随温度的变化，研究了激光的功率、扫描速度对熔池流场及温度场分布的影响。研究结果表明：在加工的过程中，熔池的形貌会受到重力、反冲压力、马兰戈尼效应的影响。较大的激光功率以及较低的扫描速度可以使熔池有较高的温度以及更大的尺寸，但是容易导致熔池中的金属液体产生喷溅，影响材料的加工质量；较小的激光功率以及较高的扫描速度会导致材料吸收激光能量不足而无法充分熔化，容易出现球化现象。激光功率设置在86W且扫描速度设置在1300mm/s附近时，制件能获得良好的成型质量，此研究为6061铝合金激光增材制造提供一定的理论以及数据上的参考。

Abstract

In order to explore the morphology of molten pool and the distribution of temperature field in the process of laser additive manufacturing on the surface of aluminum alloy plate

a three-dimensional finite element model of fluid heat transfer was established. Considering the thermophysical properties of the material during processing and the change of laser absorption rate with temperature

the effects of laser power and scanning speed on the flow field and temperature field distribution of the molten pool were studied. The results show that in the process of processing

the morphology of the molten pool will be affected by gravity

recoil pressure and Marangoni effect. Larger laser power and lower scanning speed can make the molten pool have higher temperature and larger size

but it is easy to cause splashing of the metal liquid in the molten pool

which affects the processing quality of the material. Smaller laser power and higher scanning speed will lead to insufficient energy of the material to absorb the laser and cannot be fully melted

which is prone to spheroidization. When the laser power is set at 86 W and the scanning speed is set near 1300mm/s

the parts can obtain good forming quality. This study provides a certain theoretical and data reference for laser additive manufacturing of 6061 aluminum alloy.

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references

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