纳秒激光清洗技术在青铜器上的应用

于燕; 李晨毓; 刘瀚文; 张雪雁; 段佩权

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纳秒激光清洗技术在青铜器上的应用

激光技术及应用 | 更新时间：2026-01-22

- 纳秒激光清洗技术在青铜器上的应用
- Application of nanosecond laser cleaning technology on bronze ware
- 光学技术 2026年52卷第1期页码：48-53
- 作者机构：
  
  1.故宫博物院文保修复部，北京 100009
  2.故宫博物院文保标准部，北京 100009
- 作者简介：
  
  于燕（1992— ），女，馆员，硕士，从事金属文物保护修复研究。yuyantgzy@163.com
  李晨毓（1989— ），女，副研究馆员，博士，从事激光清洗在文物上的研究。lichenyu@dpm.org.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划专项资助(2020YFE0204600);故宫博物院2022年度科研课题“青铜器激光清洗标准流程及关键参数研究”的研究成果(KT2022-12);得到北京故宫文物保护基金会学术故宫万科公益基金会专项经费资助
- DOI：
  中图分类号： O439
- 收稿：2025-07-03，
  
  修回：2025-10-16，
  
  纸质出版：2026-01-20
- 稿件说明：
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于燕,李晨毓,刘瀚文等.纳秒激光清洗技术在青铜器上的应用[J].光学技术,2026,52(01):48-53.

YU Yan,LI Chenyu,LIU Hanwen,et al.Application of nanosecond laser cleaning technology on bronze ware[J].OPTICAL TECHNIQUE,2026,52(01):48-53.
于燕,李晨毓,刘瀚文等.纳秒激光清洗技术在青铜器上的应用[J].光学技术,2026,52(01):48-53. DOI：

YU Yan,LI Chenyu,LIU Hanwen,et al.Application of nanosecond laser cleaning technology on bronze ware[J].OPTICAL TECHNIQUE,2026,52(01):48-53. DOI：

摘要

青铜器大多数曾经埋藏在地下，因而受到土壤或地下水中所含各类物质的侵蚀而在表面形成不同的腐蚀产物。表面的污染物或者腐蚀产物可能会对青铜器本体产生损害，因此这些有害物质的清洗显得尤为重要。激光清洗技术被广泛应用于工业领域，由于文物是不可再生、不可替代的中华优秀文明资源，激光清洗技术近20多年才被应用于文物保护领域。文章利用激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪和X射线荧光光谱仪对两件青铜器表面的成分进行科学分析。拉曼的结果表明，铜镜表面的红色腐蚀产物为羟基氧化铁，淡蓝色腐蚀产物为非晶态二氧化锡；半圆形青铜器表面的蓝色腐蚀产物为靛蓝，绿色腐蚀产物可能为钴绿，红色腐蚀产物为羟基氧化铁。X射线荧光光谱仪的结果表明，铜镜表面除基体元素Cu、Sn、Pb，还有Fe、Ca、Al、Si、S、Zn等元素；半圆形青铜器除基体元素Cu、Sn、Pb，还有Fe、Zn、Ca、Si、S等元素。两个青铜器表面腐蚀产物的清洗分别尝试利用焦点处和非焦点处激光清洗。结果表明，离焦时激光能量密度为3.8J/cm

，重复频率1Hz，脉冲数为5个，铜镜清洗效果较好。在焦点处，清洗半圆形青铜器时激光能量密度为89J/cm

，重复频率为10Hz，清洗次数为1次，清洗效果较好；离焦时，激光能量密度为2.87J/cm

，重复频率为1Hz，脉冲数为5个，半圆形青铜器会产生较好的清洗效果。实验结果探索出激光清洗技术在青铜器清洗的可能性和实用性。

Abstract

Most bronze artifacts were used to bury underground

where they were eroded by various substances in the soil or groundwater

forming different corrosion products on their surfaces. Surface contaminants or corrosion products may damage the bronze itself

making the removal of these harmful substances particularly crucial. Laser cleaning technology has been widely applied in industrial fields. Since cultural relics are irreplaceable and non-renewable resources of China's outstanding civilization

laser cleaning technology has only been used in the field of cultural heritage preservation in the past two decades. This study employs a laser confocal Raman spectrometer and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to scientifically analyze the composition of corrosion products on the surfaces of two bronze artifacts. Raman results indicate that the red corrosion product on the bronze mirror is iron oxyhydroxide

while the light blue corrosion product is amorphous tin dioxide. The blue corrosion product on the semicircular bronze artifact is indigo

and the green corrosion product may be cobalt green. The red corrosion product of the semicircular bronze artifact is iron oxyhydroxide. X-ray fluorescence spectrometer results show that in addition to the base elements Cu

and Pb

the bronze mirror also contains Fe

S and Zn. The semicircular bronze artifact contains Cu

Si and S. The cleaning of corrosion products on the surfaces of both bronze artifacts was attempted using laser cleaning at both the focal and non-focal points. The results demonstrate that in the defocused form

the laser energy density is 3.8 J/cm²

a repetition frequency of 1 Hz and five pulses

the cleaning effect on the bronze mirror was optimal. At the focal point

cleaning the semicircular bronze artifact with laser energy density of 89 J/cm²

a repetition frequency of 10 Hz and one pulse achieved good results. Defocusing at the laser energy density of 2.87 J/cm²

a repetition frequency of 1 Hz and five pulses also yielded favorable cleaning outcomes. The experimental findings explore the feasibility and practicality of laser cleaning technology for bronze artifact conservation.

关键词

Keywords

references

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